Almost every country in the world holds foreign currency reserves or “FX reserves”, which are assets of the central bank held in different reserve currencies, most commonly the US Dollar, used to back its liabilities. Foreign exchange reserves held by the Central Bank are a major national asset and a primary tool of monetary and exchange rate policy.
Chemical hazards’ classification and communication systems are key elements of the sound management of chemicals. To harmonise these systems worldwide, the United Nations adopted, in 2003, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS is an important tool for countries to develop or modify national programmes and to facilitate trade.
The essence of international financial governance consists of providing support to the international monetary system that is predictable and stable and that facilitates payments for international economic transactions.
Financial Technology has, in the last few years, made silently extremely rapid advances with the result that the services offered by new and traditional players have revolutionized the way people interact with them. FinTech brings healthy increased competition, offering a world of opportunities as well as more efficient products and services.
In mid-September, hundreds of diplomats attend the annual session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Organization’s main deliberative body.
In mid-September, hundreds of diplomats attend the annual session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Organization’s main deliberative body.
As it is, 'negotiation' is a complex set of interactions between parties or individuals. Add to it the dimension of 'conflict', and we find ourselves on very slippery terrain. This online course is a primer on negotiating for conflict and dispute resolution. It aims at providing participants with the fundamental understanding and tools for complex negotiations under conflict situations.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) was established in 1963 as an autonomous body within the United Nations with the purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of the work of the UN and its member states.
The UN system is mainly financed through assessed and voluntary contributions from Member States. The UN Specialized Agencies are funded partly through assessments and voluntary contributions. The course will go through the Regular Budget, the Peacekeeping Budget, and the international tribunals’ budget, which are funded through assessments.
Public diplomacy, and its sister concept, soft power, dominate much of the current academic debate about 21st century diplomacy. A major challenge for governments is how to develop effective public diplomacy, and optimize the use of their soft power, in a rapidly changing global environment.