The new Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation was signed in July 2020 in Brazil. The main objective of the legislation is to universalize and qualify the provision of services in the sector. The Federal Government's goal is to achieve water universal access by 2033, ensuring that 99% of the Brazilian population has access to drinking water and 90% to sewage treatment and collection. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the main characteristics of the new framework and understand its need for implementation.